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* Coincides with the 22nd meeting of the National Seminar for
the History of Mathematics, organized by the Portuguese Society
of Mathematics (SPM)
In Portugal, throughout its history, astronomy was developed in
the context of the mathematical sciences. During the times of Portugal's
Maritime Discoveries, astronomical navigation was based on spherical
trigonometry, and therefore it was the mathematicians who taught
astronomy to the pilots. During the 17th century, basic notions
of astronomy were taught in mathematical courses in the University
and in the main Jesuit colleges. This tradition continued in the
18th century, so it is no wonder that one of the most influent Portuguese
astronomers during this period was the mathematician José
Monteiro da Rocha. During the 19th century the new centres of science
teaching, as the Polytechnic School in Lisbon, or the Polytechnic
Academy in Oporto, developed astronomy teaching and research in
the context of the mathematics subjects. The inheritors of these
19th century institutions, respectively the Faculties of Sciences
of Lisbon and Oporto, upheld this tradition until the final decades
of 20th century and continued to consider astronomy as a subject
to be taught in their mathematics departments.
This Meeting aims at outlining several perspectives on the history
of astronomy in Portugal, particularly analysing its ties with mathematical
sciences and astronomy applications.
The Meeting is organised by the Museum of Science of the University
of Lisbon (MCUL) with CMAF, CMUC, CMUP and the CIUHCT, and is included
in CIM events. It is integrated in the commemorations of the International
Year of Astronomy (IYA2009).
History of Astronomy in Portugal: Theories,
Institutions and Practices
- I. Prehistoric Astronomy
- II. Roman world in Iberia
- III. The Arabic and Hebraic Traditions: astronomy in the Middle
Ages
- IV. The New World and the Nova Cosmographia: the impact of the
Iberian travels on cosmography
- V. The New Heavens and the Nova Astronomia: controversies on
the planetary systems in the 17th and 18th centuries
- VI. Physical astronomy in the 18th and 19th centuries: new problems,
methods and instruments
- VII. Mathematical and astronomical institutions: teaching and
research
- VIII. The rise of astrophysics
Em Portugal, houve ao longo da história uma forte relação
entre a Astronomia e as ciências matemáticas. Na época
dos Descobrimentos, a navegação astron?ica baseava-se
na trigonometria esférica e, assim, eram matemáticos
os que ensinavam astronomia aos pilotos. No século XVII,
as noções básicas de Astronomia eram ministradas
no decurso dos estudos de Matemática na universidade e principais
colégios jesuítas portugueses. Esta tradição
prolongou-se pelo século seguinte e, por isso, não
é de estranhar que um dos astrónomos portugueses mais
notáveis do século XVIII fosse o distinto matemático
José Monteiro da Rocha. No século XIX, as novas instituições
de ensino científico, como a Escola Politécnica de
Lisboa e a Academia Politécnica do Porto, desenvolveram o
ensino e a investigação astronómica no contexto
das cadeiras de matemática. Mantendo a tradição,
as herdeiras destas instituições oitocentistas, as
Faculdades de Ciência das Universidades de Lisboa e Porto,
consideraram, durante parte substancial do século XX, a Astronomia
uma área da competência dos seus departamentos de Matemática.
Neste congresso pretende-se reflectir sobre a história da
astronomia em Portugal e, em particular, sobre a sua relação
com as ciências matemáticas e com as aplicações
da astronomia.
O Colóquio é organizado pelo Museu de Ciência
da Universidade de Lisboa (MCUL), em conjunto com o CMAF, CMUC,
CMUP e CIUHCT, no âmbito das actividades apoiadas pelo CIM.
Está integrado nas comemorações do Ano Internacional
da Astronomia (AIA2009).
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