Horário: 6ª feira, 18.00-21.00, sala 4.2.04

Objectivo da disciplina (resultados da aprendizagem e competências a adquirir)

Apresentar estudos de caso oriundos de investigações recentes, no sentido de demonstrar várias abordagens historiográficas de principais conceitos, problemas, métodos científicos nos seus contextos.

Conhecer a evolução da historiografia nestas áreas, reconhecer as características de uma descrição históricamente rigorosa, e desenvolver a capacidade de espírito crítico perante as fontes (textos e artefactos) da história das ciências matemáticas e naturais.

Precedências recomendadas

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Programa (Componente teórica)

1. Jorge Nuno Silva

[...]

2. Henrique Leitão

[...]

3. Samuel Gessner

Instrumentos científicos antigos:
leitura crítica das fontes

BIBLIOGRAFIA

0) Introdução

• Field, J.V., "What is scientific about a scientific instrument?", Nuncius, ano 3, vol. 2, 1988, p. 3-16, [i-xi], 17-26
• Warner, D.J., "What is a scientific instrument, when did it become one, and why?", The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 23, 1990, p. 83-93
• Bennett, Jim, "Knowing and doing in the sixteenth century: what were instruments for?", The British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 36, no. 2, 2003, p. 129-150
• Mosley, Adam, “Introduction: Objects, texts, and images in the history of science”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, vol. 38, 2007, p. 289-302
• Rossi, Paolo, I filosofi e le macchine, 1400-1700, Milano, Feltrinelli, 2002 (ed. 1962)
• Rupert Hall, A., " The scholar and the craftsman in the scientific revolution ", in Marshall Clagett ed., Critical Problems in the History of Science, Proceedings of the Institute for the History of Science, University of Wisconsin,1957
• Feingold, Mordechai, The mathematicians' apprenticeship. Science, universities and society in England, 1560-1640, Cambridge, University Press, 1984
• Zinner, Ernst, Deutsche und niederländische astronomische Instrumente des 11.-18. Jahrhunderts, C.H. Beck Verlagsbuchhandlung, München, 1956
• Daumas, Maurice, Les instruments scientifiques aux XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles, Paris, PUF, 1953
• Maddison, Francis, “Early astronomical and mathematical instruments”, History of Science, vol.2, 1963, p. 17-50
• Emanuelle Poulle: instrumentos matemáticos medievais
• Gerard L’Estrange Turner: instrumentos do século 17 e 18
• Turner, Anthony J., Early Scientific Instruments, Europe 1400-1800, London, Philip Wilson for Sotheby’s, 1989
• Silvio A. Bedini: instrumentos de Galileo, instrumentos americanos, século 17 até 19
• Van Cleempoel, K. et al, Instrumentos Cientificos del Siglo XVI: la Corte Española y la Escuela de Lovaina, Madrid, 1997
• Bennett, J. A., The Divided Circle. A history of Instruments for Astronomy, Navigation and Surveying, Oxford, Phaidon, 1987

1) Os cromeleques do Alentejo

• David H. Kelley, E. F. Milone, Anthony F Aveni, Exploring Ancient Skies: An Encyclopedic Survey of Archaeoastronomy, Basel, Birkhäuser, 2005
• Jorge, Oliveira, "Datas absolutas de monumentos megalíticos da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Sever", in II Congreso de Arqueología Peninsular, tomo II, Neolítico, Calcolítico y Bronce. Fundación Rei Afonso Henriques, Zamora, 1997
• Cândido Marciano da Silva; Manuel Calado, "New astronomically significant directions of megalithic monuments in the Central Alentejo", Journal of Iberian Archaeology, vol. 5, 2003, p. 67-88
• Brian Hayden, "Nimrods, piscators, pluckers and planters: The emergence of food production", Journal of Anthropological Archaeology , vol. 9, 1990, p. 31-69

2) Vitrúvio - o coróbata
Fonte: Marco Pollio Vitrúvio, Tratado de arquitectura, trad. do latim, introd. e notas M. Justino Maciel, il. Th.N. Howe, Lisboa, IST Press, 2006.

• Vitruve, Les dix livres d’architecture de Vitruve, corrigez et traduits nouvellement en François, avec des Notes & des Figures [Claude Perrault], Paris, J.B. Coignard, 1673
• Corpus agrimensorum romanorum [...], Carl Olof Thulin rec., Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1913
• Codices artis mensoriae : i manoscritti degli antichi opuscoli latini d'agrimensura, V-XIX sec., Lucio Toneatto ed., Centro italiano di Studi sull'Alto Medioevo (Spoleto), 1994
  
  
• Heronis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt omnia, vol. 3: Rationes dimetiendi et commentation dioptrica. Griechisch und Deutsch H. Schöne, Leipzig, B. G. Teubner, 1903.
• M. J. T. LEWIS, Surveying instruments of Greece and Rome, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001
• DRACHMANN, A.G., The Mechanical Technology of Greek and Roman Antiquity, Munksgaard, Copenhangen, Denmark, 1963.
• Moritz CANTOR, Die Römischen Agrimensoren und ihre Stellung in der Geschichte der Feldmesskunst, Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1875

3) Papo - os mesolábios
Fonte: Pappus d’Alexandrie, La collection mathématique, oeuvre traduite pour la première fois du grec en français, intr. notas trad. Paul Ver Eecke, 2 vols., Paris, Bruges, Desclée de Brouwer, 1933.

• Pappi Alexandrini collectionis quae supersunt e libris manu scriptis interpretatione et commentariis instruxit Fridericus Hultsch (Friedrich Hultsch ed.), Berlim, Weidmann, 1878
  
  
• Serafina Cuomo, Pappus of Alexandria and the mathematics of late antiquitiy, Faculty of Classics, Cambrigde, Cambridge University Press, 2000
• Wilbur Richard Knorr, Textual Studies in Ancient and Medieval Geometry, Boston/Basel: Birkhäuser, 1989
• Thomas L. Heiberg, History of Greek Mathematics, vol. 2, Oxford, 1921

4) Su Sung - o grande relógio celeste
Fonte: Su Sung, Hsin I Hsiang Fa Yao, Khaifêng, 1092

• Joseph Needham, Wang Ling, Derek J. de Solla Price, Heavenly clockwork. The great astronomical clocks of medieval China, sec. ed. with suppl. John H. Combridge, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986
• Joseph Needham, Wang Ling, Science and civilisation in China, vol. 3, Mathematics and the sciences of the heavens and the earth, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1959
• Colin A. Ronan, The shorter science and civilisation in China. An abridgment of Joseph Needham’s original text, vol. 2, Mathematics, Astronomy, Meteorology, Geography [...], Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981
• Maspero, H., "Les instruments astronomiques des Chinois au temps des Han", Mélanges chinois et bouddhiques, vol. 6, 1939
• Maspero, H., Études Historiques [...], vol. 3, in Civilisation du Sud, P. Demiéville ed., Paris, Musée Guimet, 1950

5) Thābit ibn Qurra - o gnomon
Fonte: Thābit ibn Qurra, "Traité de Thabit b. Qurra al H?arrani. Description des figures que forme l’extrémité d l’ombre d’un gnomon [...]", Biblioteca do Escurial, Ms. 960, f. 51r°-54r°

• Régis Morelon ed. e trad., Thabit ibn Qurra. Oeuvres d’astronomie, Paris, Les belles lettres, 1987
• Morelon, Régis, "Thabit b. Qurrq and Arab astronomy in the 9th century", Arabic Science and Philosophy, vol. 4, no. 1, 1994, p. 111-139
• Green, Tamara M., The city of the moon god, Leiden, 1992
• Rashed, Roshdi ed., Encyclopedia of the history of Arabic science, London, New York, Routledge, 1996
• Rashed, Roshdi ed., Histoire des sciences arabes, 4 vol., Paris, Seuil, 1997

6) O astrolábio
Fonte: Anónimo, "Tractado do astrolabio, ou planisferio": BNP COD. 11023 (f. 62r°-65r°)

• François Charette, "The Locales of Islamic Astronomical Instrumentation", History of Science, Special issue: artisans and instruments, 1300–1800, vol. 4, no. 144, part 2, 2006, p. 123-138
• James E. Morrison, The Astrolabe, Rehoboth Beach, DE, Janus, 2007
• Gerard L'E.Turner, Renaissance Astrolabes and their Makers, Surrey, United Kingdom Ashgate Variorum, 2003
• Raymond d' Hollander, L'astrolabe: Histoire, théorie et pratique, Paris, Institut Océanographique, 1999
• Robert T. Gunther, The Astrolabes of the World, Oxford University Press, 1932
• Michel, Henri, Traité de l’Astrolabe, Paris, 1947

7) Sacrobosco - a esfera armilar
Fonte: John of Holywood, aliás Sacrobosco, "Capítulo segundo. Dos circulos dos quaes a esphera material he composta per que entendemos a celestial", em Pedro Nunes trad., Tratado da sphera com a Theorica do Sol e da Lua [...], Lisboa, Germão Galharde, 1537, f. 12-20

• Adam Mosley, "Spheres and texts on spheres: the book-instrument relationship and an armillary sphere in the Whipple Museum of the History of Science", in Liba Taub, Frances Willmoth eds., The Whipple Museum of the History of Science. Instruments and interpretations, to celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of R.S.Whipples’s gift to the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, University Press, 2006, p. 301-318
• Klaus A. Vogel, "Armillarsphäre und frühe Globen vor 1492", Der Globusfreund. Journal for the study of globes and related instruments, vol. 43/44, 1995, p. 31-42

8) Gunter - o compasso proporcional
Fonte: Edmund Gunter, De sectore & radio. The description and use of the sector in three bookes. The description and use of the Croße-Staffe in other three bookes. For such as are studious of mathematical practise, London, William Iones, 1623

• Rose, Paul Lawrence, "The origins of the proportional compass...", Physis, vol. 10, 1968, p. 53-69
• Drake, Stillman, "Tartaglia's Squadra and Galileo's compasso", Annali dell'Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze, anno 2, vol. 1, 1977, p. 35-54
• Drake, Stillman, Galileo Galilei: Operations of the geometric and military compass, 1606, Washington, 1978
• Meskens, Ad, "Michiel Coignet's contribution to the development of the Sector", Annals of Science, vol. 54, 1997, p. 143-160
• Camerota, Filippo, Il compasso di Fabrizio Mordente. Per la storia del compasso di proporzione, Firenze, Nuncius, vol. 37, 2000
• Camerota, Filippo, "Admirabilis circinus: the spread and improvement of Fabrizio Mordente's Compass", Who needs scientific instruments? Conference on scientific instruments and their users, 20-22 October 2005, Bart Grob, Hans Hooijmaijers eds., Leiden, Boerhaave Museum, 2006
• Turner, "Mathematical instruments and the education of gentlemen", Annals of Science, vol. 30, no.1, 1973, p. 51-88